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Ancient History (????-476 AD)
The section for all articles relating to world history predating the event in 476 AD where Romulus Augustus was removed from power and the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Medieval History (476-1453)
The section for all articles after the fall of the Western Roman Empire but before the fall of the Eastern (Byzantine) Empire in 1453 AD.

Renaissance (1453-1789)
The section for all articles after the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire but before the adoption of the US Constitution and beginning of the French Revolution.

The Long 19th Century (1789-1914)
The section for all articles after the adoption of the US Constitution/beginning of the French Revolution up to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Interbellum (1914-1945)
The section for all articles between the beginning of the First World War through the end of the Second World War.

Cold War (1945-1991)
The section for all articles between the end of the Second World War through the fall of the USSR.

Modern Era (1991-2020 and onward)
The section for all articles after the fall of the USSR.

Organizations

 * Religious Organizations
 * Businesses
 * Political Parties

People

 * Politicians
 * Actors
 * Businessmen and Women
 * Activists
 * Humanitarians
 * Explorers
 * Military Leaders

All nations currently in existence

 * This section includes all nation currently in existence.
 * Afghanistan
 * Albania
 * Algeria
 * Andorra
 * Angola
 * Antigua and Barbuda
 * Argentina
 * Armenia
 * Australia
 * Austria
 * Azerbaijan
 * Bahamas
 * Bahrain
 * Bangladesh
 * Barbados
 * Belarus
 * Belgium
 * Belize
 * Benin
 * Bhutan
 * Bolivia
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Botswana
 * Brazil
 * Brunei
 * Bulgaria
 * Burkina Faso
 * Burundi
 * Cabo Verde
 * Cambodia
 * Cameroon
 * Canada
 * Central African Republic (CAR)
 * Chad
 * Chile
 * China
 * Colombia
 * Comoros
 * Congo, Democratic Republic of the
 * Congo, Republic of the
 * Costa Rica
 * Cote d'Ivoire
 * Croatia
 * Cuba
 * Cyprus
 * Czechia
 * Denmark
 * Djibouti
 * Dominica
 * Dominican Republic
 * Ecuador
 * Egypt
 * El Salvador
 * Equatorial Guinea
 * Eritrea
 * Estonia
 * Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
 * Ethiopia
 * Fiji
 * Finland
 * France
 * Gabon
 * Gambia
 * Georgia
 * Germany
 * Ghana
 * Greece
 * Grenada
 * Guatemala
 * Guinea
 * Guinea-Bissau
 * Guyana
 * Haiti
 * Honduras
 * Hungary
 * Iceland
 * India
 * Indonesia
 * Iran
 * Iraq
 * Ireland
 * Israel
 * Italy
 * Jamaica
 * Japan
 * Jordan
 * Kazakhstan
 * Kenya
 * Kiribati
 * Kosovo
 * Kuwait
 * Kyrgyzstan
 * Laos
 * Latvia
 * Lebanon
 * Lesotho
 * Liberia
 * Libya
 * Liechtenstein
 * Lithuania
 * Luxembourg
 * Madagascar
 * Malawi
 * Malaysia
 * Maldives
 * Mali
 * Malta
 * Marshall Islands
 * Mauritania
 * Mauritius
 * Mexico
 * Micronesia
 * Moldova
 * Monaco
 * Mongolia
 * Montenegro
 * Morocco
 * Mozambique
 * Myanmar (formerly Burma)
 * Namibia
 * Nauru
 * Nepal
 * Netherlands
 * New Zealand
 * Nicaragua
 * Niger
 * Nigeria
 * North Korea
 * North Macedonia (formerly Macedonia)
 * Norway
 * Oman
 * Pakistan
 * Palau
 * Palestine
 * Panama
 * Papua New Guinea
 * Paraguay
 * Peru
 * Philippines
 * Poland
 * Portugal
 * Qatar
 * Romania
 * Russia
 * Rwanda
 * Saint Kitts and Nevis
 * Saint Lucia
 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 * Samoa
 * San Marino
 * Sao Tome and Principe
 * Saudi Arabia
 * Senegal
 * Serbia
 * Seychelles
 * Sierra Leone
 * Singapore
 * Slovakia
 * Slovenia
 * Solomon Islands
 * Somalia
 * South Africa
 * South Korea
 * South Sudan
 * Spain
 * Sri Lanka
 * Sudan
 * Suriname
 * Sweden
 * Switzerland
 * Syria
 * Taiwan
 * Tajikistan
 * Tanzania
 * Thailand
 * Timor-Leste
 * Togo
 * Tonga
 * Trinidad and Tobago
 * Tunisia
 * Turkey
 * Turkmenistan
 * Tuvalu
 * Uganda
 * Ukraine
 * United Arab Emirates (UAE)
 * United Kingdom (UK)
 * United States of America (USA)
 * Uruguay
 * Uzbekistan
 * Vanuatu
 * Vatican City (Holy See)
 * Venezuela
 * Vietnam
 * Yemen
 * Zambia
 * Zimbabwe

Morocco (Maghreb al-Aksa)

 * Saadi principality of Sus and Tagmadert (independence recognized in 1527 through the treaty of Tadla, reunified with Morocco after the Saadi dynasty overthrew the Wattasid dynasty in 1549)
 * Naqsid principality of Tetouan (independence from Morocco in 1597, annexed to Morocco in 1673)
 * Republic of Salé (independence from Morocco in 1627, annexed to Morocco in 1668)
 * Alaouite principality of Tafilalet (1631–1666, reunified with Morocco)
 * Rif Republic (1921, after the Spanish defeat in the Battle of Annual; finally conquered by Spain in 1926)

Egypt, Sudan and Libya

 * Sultanate of Sennar – annexed by Egypt in 1821
 * Sultanate of Darfur – annexed by Egypt in 1874
 * Mahdist State (1885–1899)
 * Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953)
 * Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)
 * Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
 * Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)
 * Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)
 * Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)

Modern Algeria (Central Maghreb)

 * Kingdom of Tlemcen (independence from the Almohad Empire in 1235, annexed to the Regency of Algiers in 1556)

Comoro Islands

 * State of the Comoros (1963–1978)
 * Ali Soilih Regime (1976-1978)
 * Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros (1978-2001)
 * State of Anjouan (1997-2002), (2007-2008)

Madagascar

 * Kingdom of Antankarana – made a French protectorate in 1843, annexed in 1895
 * Kingdom of Antongil (1773–1786)
 * Kingdom of Boina (c. 1690–1840)
 * Kingdom of Menabe (c. 1685–1834)
 * Kingdom of Imerina (1540–1897)
 * Kingdom of Tamatave (1712–1828)
 * Kingdom of Tanibe (1822–1828)
 * Democratic Republic of Madagascar (1975–1992)

Sub-Saharan Africa

 * Oyo Empire 1300–1896
 * Bornu Empire 1380–1893
 * Ashanti Empire 1701–1957
 * Ibadan Empire 1860–1893

Horn of Africa

 * Adal Sultanate 1415–1559
 * Ajuran Sultanate 13th century–17th century
 * Aussa Sultanate 1734–1936
 * Ethiopian Empire (1270-1974)
 * Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (1974–1987)
 * People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987-1991)
 * Somali Republic (1960–1969)
 * Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991)
 * Sultanate of Hobyo 1878–early 20th century
 * Majeerteen Sultanate mid-18th century–early 20th century
 * Marehan Sultanate 17th–19th century
 * Sultanate of Mogadishu 12th–16th century, absorbed into Ajuran Sultanate
 * Warsangali Sultanate (1298–1886), (1897–1960)

Western Africa

 * Biafra (c. 1967 – c. 1970)
 * Kingdom of Mali (c. 1230 – c. 1600)
 * Songhai Empire (c. 1340–1591, annexed by Morocco)
 * Jolof Empire (1350–1549)
 * Empire of Great Fulo (Denanke Kingdom) (1490–1776)
 * Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–1851)
 * National Revolutionary Council of the Gambia (30 July 1981 – 5 August 1981)
 * Aro Confederacy – fell to the United Kingdom in 1902
 * Ashanti Empire – fell to the United Kingdom in 1900
 * Bamana Empire (1712–1861)
 * Kingdom of Benin – fell in 1897 to the United Kingdom
 * People's Republic of Benin (1975–1990)
 * Bundu – fell to France in 1851
 * Kingdom of Dahomey – conquered by France in 1894
 * Republic of Dahomey (1958–1975)
 * Dendi – annexed by France 1901
 * Fante Confederacy – fell to the United Kingdom in 1874
 * Fulani Empire – annexed by France and the United Kingdom in 1903
 * Futa Jallon – fell to France in 1896
 * People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea (1979–1984)
 * People's Republic of Burkina Faso (1984–1987)
 * Futa Toro (1725–1861)
 * Kaabu (1537–1867)
 * Republic of Benin (September 19 1967–September 20 1967)
 * Republic of Maryland (1854–1857)
 * Mossi States – conquered by France 1894–95
 * Oyo Empire – made a British protectorate in 1888
 * Kingdom of Sine – became a French protectorate
 * Toucouleur Empire – fell to France in 1890
 * Wassoulou Empire – annexed by France in 1898

African Great Lakes

 * Buganda 14th century until made a British protectorate in 1894, within Uganda, revolt 1897–98
 * Bunyoro 13th century until made a British protectorate in 1897
 * Ankole Made a British protectorate in 1901
 * Toro Kingdom (1830–1876)
 * Busoga
 * Kingdom of Rwanda 11th century until made a German protectorate in 1894
 * Kingdom of Burundi (1680?–1885) part of German East Africa in 1899; independent kingdom 1962–1966 when republic declared

Eastern Africa

 * Wituland Sultanate 1858–1885 – became German and then British protectorate
 * Pemba (mid-13th century)
 * Sultanate of Zanzibar (pre-1503/4, 1856–1890, 1963–1964)
 * People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba (1964) merged to form Tanzania
 * Tanganyika (1961–1962) merged to form Tanzania
 * People's Republic of Mozambique (1975–1990)

Central Africa

 * Anziku – became a French protectorate in 1875
 * Baguirmi – fell to France in 1897
 * Central African Empire (1976–1979)
 * People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1992)
 * Congo-Léopoldville (1960–1971)
 * Republic of Zaire (1971–1997)
 * Kanem-Borno (11th century to 1900)
 * Kasanje – annexed by Portugal in 1910
 * Kongo – annexed by Portugal in 1914
 * Kuba – fell to Belgium in 1900
 * Kazembe
 * Luba – fell to Belgium in 1889
 * Lunda – annexed by Belgium, Portugal and United Kingdom in 1887
 * Matamba (1631–1744)
 * Ndongo – fell to Portugal in 1671
 * Ouaddai – fell to France in 1912
 * Yeke – fell to Belgium in 1891

Southern Africa

 * Barotseland – annexed by United Kingdom in 1900
 * Basutoland ? – 1868, to the United Kingdom
 * Kingdom of Butua (1450 – c. 1683)
 * Gaza Empire (1824–1895) – fell to Portugal
 * Matabeleland (?–1891) – became British protectorate
 * Mthwakazi (1830s–1889) – became British protectorate
 * Kingdom of Mutapa (1430–1760)
 * Zulu Kingdom (1816–1897) fell to United Kingdom
 * Rozvi Empire (1684–1834)
 * Union of South Africa (1910–1961)
 * Apartheid South Africa (1961-1994)
 * Bophuthatswana (1977-1994) re-incorporated into South Africa
 * Ciskei (1981-1994) re-incorporated into South Africa
 * Transkei (1976-1994) re-incorporated into South Africa
 * Venda (1979-1994) re-incorporated into South Africa
 * People's Republic of Angola (1975–1992)
 * South African Republic (Transvaal) (1856–1877, 1881–1902)
 * Orange Free State (1854–1902)
 * Nieuwe Republiek (1884-1888)
 * Natalia Republic (1839–1843)
 * State of Goshen (1882–1883)
 * Republic of Stellaland (1882–1885)
 * United States of Stellaland (1883–1885)
 * Republic of Upingtonia (1885–1887)

Central Asia

 * Chagatai Khanate (1225–1680)
 * Uzbek Khanate (1428–1471)
 * Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552)
 * Nogai Horde (1440–1634)
 * Kazakh Khanate (1465–1848)
 * Khanate of Bukhara (1506–1785)
 * Khanate of Khiva (1511–1873)
 * Khanate of Kokand (1709–1868)
 * Emirate of Bukhara (1785–1873)
 * Alash Autonomy (1917–1918)
 * Turkestan Autonomy (1917–1918)
 * Khanate of Khiva (1511–1920)
 * Confederated Republic of Altai (1917–1920)
 * "second" Confederated Republic of Altai (1921–1922)
 * Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
 * Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
 * First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934)
 * Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949)

East Asia

 * Republic of China (based on mainland China 1912–1949; continued existence on Taiwan since 1949)
 * Republic of Ezo (1869)
 * Republic of Formosa (1895)
 * Hunan Soviet in a continental Chinese province (1927)
 * Jiangxi Soviet (1931–1937)
 * People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China (1933–1934)
 * Hunan Soviet (1927)
 * Guangzhou Commune (1927)
 * Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet (1931–1934)
 * Soviet Zone of China (1927–1949)
 * Manchukuo (1932–1945)
 * East Hebei Autonomous Government (1935–1938)
 * Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (1939–1945)
 * Shanghai Great Way Government (1937–1938)
 * Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)
 * Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938–1940)
 * Reorganized National Government of China (1940–1945)
 * Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1919)
 * People's Republic of Mongolia (1921–1924)
 * Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992)
 * Inner Mongolian People's Republic (1945)
 * Ryukyu Kingdom (1429–1879)
 * Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1864)
 * Tibet under Ganden Phodrang government (1644–1720)
 * Tibet (1912–1951)
 * Tibetan states (900–1240, 1300–1620)
 * Tuvan People's Republic (1921–1944)
 * Uryankhay Republic (1911–1914)
 * Uryankhay Krai (1914)

Korean Peninsula

 * Korean Empire (1897–1910)
 * Korean People's Association in Manchuria (1929–1931)
 * Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1919–1945)
 * People's Republic of Korea (1945–1946)
 * First Republic of Korea (1948–1960)
 * Second Republic of Korea (1960–1961)
 * Supreme Council for National Reconstruction (1961–1963)
 * Third Republic of Korea (1963–1972)
 * Fourth Republic of Korea (1972–1981)
 * Fifth Republic of Korea (1981–1987)

Afghanistan

 * Hotak Dynasty (1709–1738)
 * Durrani Empire (1747–1826)
 * Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926)
 * Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973)
 * Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)
 * Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992)
 * Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002)
 * Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
 * Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004)

Anatolia

 * Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461)
 * Ottoman Empire (c. 1281–1923)

Mesopotamia

 * Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922–1924)
 * Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1958)
 * Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan (1946-1949)
 * All-Palestine Government (1948-1967)
 * Arab Federation (1958)
 * Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)
 * Ba'athist Iraq (1968–2003)

Persia

 * Sublime State of Persia (1789–1925)
 * Persian Soviet Socialist Republic in Gilan (Iran) (1920–1921)
 * Azerbaijan People's Government (1941–1946)
 * Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947)
 * Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979)
 * Interim Government of Iran (1979)

Levant

 * Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)
 * First Syrian Republic (1946–1950)
 * Second Syrian Republic (1950–1963)
 * United Arab Republic (1958–1971)
 * Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2014–2017)

Arabian Peninsula

 * Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258), (1261–1517)
 * Emirate of Diriyah (1744–1812)
 * Emirate of Nejd (1812–1891)
 * Muscat and Oman (1820–1892)
 * Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921)
 * Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1906–1934)
 * Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1921)
 * Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1925)
 * Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925)
 * Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz (1926–1932)
 * Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962)
 * Fadhli Sultanate (15th century–1888)
 * Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut (1858–1888)
 * Sultanate of Upper Yafa (1800–1903)
 * Sultanate of Lower Yafa (1800–1895)
 * Emirate of Beihan (1680–1872)
 * Emirate of Dhala (15th century–1904)
 * Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf in Hadhramaut (1640–1888)
 * Wahidi Sultanate of Haban in Hadhramaut (1640–1895)
 * Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut (14th century–1888)
 * Mahra State of Qishn and Socotra (1432–1886)
 * Sultanate of Lahej (1728–)839
 * Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)
 * People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990)
 * Republic of Kuwait (1990)
 * Democratic Republic of Yemen (1994)

South Asia

 * Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)
 * Sur Empire (1540-1556)
 * Laur Kingdom (600-1565)
 * Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576)
 * Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi dynasty, 1490–1686)
 * Pratapgarh Kingdom (1489-1700s)
 * Principality of Bengal (1717-1757)
 * Maratha Empire (1674–1820)
 * Jaintia Kingdom (500-1835)
 * Sikh Empire (1799–1849)
 * Mughal Empire (1526–1857)
 * Provisional Government of Free India (1943-1945)
 * Hyderabad State (1724-1798)
 * Travancore (1729–1795)
 * Udaipur State (734–1818)
 * Manikya dynasty (1400-1761)
 * United Suvadive Republic (1959–1963)
 * Sultanate of Maldives (1117-1796), (1954-1968)
 * Sikkim (1642–1861)

Southeast Asia

 * In Indonesia (Dutch East indies) :
 * Srivijaya (650–1377)
 * Sultanate of Mataram (1588–1681)
 * Sultanate of Aceh (1496–1903)
 * Sultanate of Banten (1527–1813)
 * Sultanate of Cirebon (1445–1677)
 * Sultanate of Demak (1475–1548)
 * Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1586)
 * Sultanate of Palembang (?–1821)
 * Republic of Lanfang (1777–1884)
 * Pontianak Sultanate (1771-1779)
 * United States of Indonesia (1949–1950)
 * State of East Indonesia (1946–1950)
 * State of East Java (1948–1950)
 * State of East Sumatra (1947–1950)
 * State of Madura (1948–1950)
 * State of Pasundan (1948-1950)
 * State of South Sumatra (1948–1950)
 * Great Dayak (1946–1950)
 * West Kalimantan (1946-1950)
 * In Malaysia :
 * Kingdom of Sarawak (1841–1888)
 * Malayan Union (1946–1948)
 * Federation of Malaya (1957–1963)
 * Sultanate of Malacca (1400–1511)
 * Pattani kingdom (1516–1902)
 * In Burma (Myanmar)
 * Mon kingdoms (9th–11th, 13th–16th, 18th centuries)
 * Ava (1364–1555)
 * Pegu (1287–1539, 1747–1757)
 * Mrauk U (1434–1784)
 * Taungoo Dynasty (1486–1752, 2nd Empire)
 * Konbaung Dynasty (1752–1885, 3rd Empire)
 * Shan States (1287–1557)
 * Arakan (1287–1784)
 * State of Burma (1943-1945)
 * Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1962–1988)
 * Union of Myanmar (1988-2011)
 * In the Philippines
 * Sultanate of Maguindanao (1500–1888)
 * Sultanate of Sulu (1405–1915)
 * Republic of Negros (1898–1899)
 * Cantonal Government of Negros (1898-1901)
 * Tejeros Revolutionary Government (1897)
 * Sovereign Tagalog Nation (1896–1897)
 * First Philippine Republic (1899-1902)
 * Tagalog Republic (1902–1906)
 * Second Philippine Republic (1943-1945)
 * Fourth Philippine Republic (1965–1986)


 * In Singapore:
 * Kingdom of Singapura (1299–1398)
 * In Indochina :
 * Champa kingdom (192–1832)
 * Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1976)
 * Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet (1930–1931)
 * Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979)
 * Empire of Vietnam (1945)
 * People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979-1989)
 * Khmer Republic (1970-1975)
 * Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)
 * First Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)
 * Lao Issara (1945–1946)
 * Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1945)
 * Kingdom of Laos (1953–1975)
 * Kingdom of Champasak (1713–1904)
 * Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707–1893)
 * Republic of Vietnam (1954–1975)
 * Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976)
 * Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (1982–1992)
 * Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia (1994–1998)
 * State of Cambodia (1989–1992)

Europe
See also: Former countries in Europe after 1815

Nordic countries
In the Nordic countries, unions were personal, not unitary


 * Kingdom of Finland (1742-1743)
 * Finnish Democratic Republic (1939–1940)
 * Kingdom of Finland (1918–1919)
 * Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (1918–1919)
 * United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905)
 * Kingdom of Norway (1814)
 * Denmark–Norway (1524–1814, intermittent)
 * Kalmar Union (1397–1523, intermittent)
 * Schleswig (1058–1864)

Modern France

 * Duchy of Brittany (939–1532)
 * Kingdom of France (843–1792) (1814/15–1848)
 * Kingdom of France (1791–1792)
 * French First Republic (1792–1804)
 * First French Empire (1804–1814/15)
 * French Second Republic (1848–1852)
 * Second French Empire (1852–1870)
 * French Third Republic (1870–1940)
 * Vichy France (1940–1944)
 * French Fourth Republic (1946–1958)
 * Saar Protectorate (1946–1956)
 * Kingdom of Corsica (1736)
 * Corsican Republic (1755–1769)
 * Anglo-Corsican Kingdom (1794–1796)
 * County of Foix (1010–1607)
 * Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848–1849)

Modern Germany

 * Samo's Empire (631–658)
 * Margravate of Meissen (965–1423)
 * Duchy of Kopanica (12th century – 13th century)
 * Principality of Rügen (1168–1325)
 * Holy Roman Empire (843–1806)
 * Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813)
 * German Confederation (1815–1866)
 * German Empire (1848–1849)
 * North German Federation (1867–1871)
 * German Empire (1871–1918)
 * Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
 * Nazi Germany (Third Reich 1933–1945)
 * German Democratic Republic (1949–1990) (also called GDR, DDR, East Germany or Eastern Germany), its states acceded to Federal Republic of Germany in 1990
 * West Germany (1949-1990) (Also known as the Federal Republic of Germany and FRG,sometimes called the Bonn Republic or BRD)
 * Alsace Soviet Republic (1918)
 * Baden (Grand Duchy – 1806–1871)
 * Kingdom of Bavaria (1806–1871)
 * Bavarian Soviet Republic (1919)
 * Bremen (1815-1871)
 * Brunswick (1815-1871)
 * Frankfurt (Free Imperial City of Frankfurt (HRE), before 1806; City of Frankfurt, 1815–1866)
 * Hamburg (1189-1871)
 * Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866)
 * Hesse-Homburg (1815-1866)
 * Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (Electorate, 1803–1807, 1813–1866)
 * Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1623-1850)
 * Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1623-1850)
 * Holstein (1815-1864)
 * Lippe (1123-1871)
 * Lübeck (Free city 1226–1871)
 * Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815-1871)
 * Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1815-1871)
 * Nassau (1806-1866)
 * Oldenburg (1815-1871)
 * Pomerania (1121-1637)
 * Prussia (1525–1871)
 * Duchy of Prussia (1525–1618)
 * Brandenburg-Prussia (1618–1701)
 * Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1871)
 * Reuss (1010-1806)
 * Saxe-Altenburg (1602-1871)
 * Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1735-1826)
 * Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826-1871)
 * Saxe-Gotha (1640-1680)
 * Saxe-Hildburghausen (1680-1826)
 * Saxe-Lauenburg (or Duchy of Lauenburg) (1296-1871)
 * Saxe-Meiningen (1680-1871)
 * Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1809-1871)
 * Saxony (Kingdom – 1806–1871)
 * Poland-Saxony (1697–1763; intermittent 1706–1709)
 * Schaumburg-Lippe (1647-1871)
 * Schleswig (1058-1866)
 * Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1599-1871)
 * Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1599-1871)
 * Waldeck (1180-1871)
 * Württemberg (Kingdom – 1806–1871)

For the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly Kleinstaaterei) and nature that were part of the non-centralised Holy Roman Empire (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions), see List of states in the Holy Roman Empire.

Italy
See also: Historical states of Italy


 * Republic of Ancona (c. 1000–1532)
 * Anconine Republic (1797–1798)
 * Judicate of Arborea (9th century–1420)
 * United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860)
 * Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802)
 * Cispadane Republic (1796–1797)
 * Republic of Cospaia (1440–1826)
 * Sovereign Principality of Elba (1814–1815)
 * Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807)
 * Marquisate of Finale (967–1602)
 * Regency of Carnaro (1919)
 * Gozitan Nation (1798–1801)
 * Emirate of Bari (847–871)
 * Italian Republic (Napoleonic) (1802–1805)
 * Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) (1805–1814)
 * Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1815–1866)
 * Duchy of Lucca (1815–1847)
 * Principality of Lucca and Piombino (1805–1814)
 * Republic of Lucca (1160–1805)
 * Sovereign Military Order of Malta (1530–1798)
 * Duchy of Mantua (1273–1707)
 * Duchy of Massa and Carrara (15th to 19th centuries)
 * Duchy of Milan (1395–1797)
 * Provisional Government of Milan (1848)
 * Duchy of Modena (1452–1796, 1815–1859)
 * Kingdom of Naples (1285–1816)
 * Republic of Noli (1192–1797)
 * Duchy of Parma (1545–1859)
 * Papal States (752–1870)
 * Republic of Pisa (11th century–1406)
 * Roman Republic (19th century) (1849)
 * Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1861)
 * Republic of San Marco (1848–1849)
 * Republic of Senarica (1343–18th century)
 * Emirate of Sicily (831–1091)
 * Kingdom of Sicily (1130–1816)
 * Kingdom of Sicily (1848)
 * Transpadane Republic (1796–1797)
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1801, 1815–1859)
 * Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1815–1860)
 * Republic of Venice (697–1797)
 * Republic of Genoa (1095–1797)
 * Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
 * Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
 * Italian governorate of Montenegro (1941-1943)
 * Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
 * Republic of Rose Island (1968)

Modern United Kingdom

 * Kingdom of Scotland (843–1707)
 * Kingdom of England (927–1707)
 * North Sea Empire (1016–1035)
 * Angevin Empire (1154–1214)
 * Principality of Wales (1216–1536)
 * Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and (1659–1660)
 * The Protectorate (1653–1659)
 * Great Britain (1707–1800)
 * United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)

Ireland

 * Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1801)
 * Kingdom of Uí Failghe (Unknown–1550)
 * Kingdom of Leinster
 * Kingdom of Connacht
 * Irish Catholic Confederation (1641-1649)
 * Republic of Connacht (1798)
 * Limerick Soviet (1919)
 * Irish Republic (1919–1922) – see also Southern Ireland (1921–1922)
 * Irish Free State (1931–1937)

Medieval Ireland

 * Osraige (150–1541)
 * Airgíalla (331–1585)
 * Uí Maine (c. 357–1611)
 * Ailech (450–1617)
 * Tyrconnell (5th century–1607)
 * Tír Eoghain (5th century–1607)
 * Fermanagh (10th century–1607)
 * Magh Luirg (c. 956–1585)
 * Thomond (1118–1543)
 * Kingdom of Desmond (1118–1596)
 * Clandeboye (1283–1605)

Low Countries

 * Prince-Bishopric of Liège (972–1795) annexed by France in 1795.
 * United Belgian States (1789–1790)
 * Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795) (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden/Provinciën) Independence from Spain after Eighty Years' War in 1581, conquered by France 1795.
 * Batavian Republic (1795–1806) (Bataafse Republiek) France's vassal state.
 * Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) (Koninkrijk Holland/Royaume d'Hollande) Ruled by Louis Bonaparte, annexed by France 1810.
 * Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815)
 * United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)

Poland

 * Duchy of Poland (9th century–1025)
 * Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)
 * Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (1199–1349)
 * Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
 * Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
 * Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1795)
 * Poland-Saxony (1697–1763; intermittent 1706–1709)
 * Royal Prussia (1466–1772) Autonomous dependency of Poland
 * Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815)
 * Free City of Danzig (1807–1814)
 * Republic of Kraków (1815–1846)
 * Congress Poland (1815–1831; personal union with Russian Empire)
 * Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (1863–1865)
 * Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918; under German occupation)
 * Republic of Zakopane (1918)
 * Lemko Republic (1918–1920)
 * Komancza Republic (1918–1919)
 * Second Polish Republic (1918–1945; after 1939 as Polish Underground State and Polish government-in-exile)
 * Freistaat Schwenten (1919)
 * Free City of Danzig (1920–1939)
 * People's Republic of Poland (1944–1989)

Ukraine

 * Cossack Hetmanate (1649–1764)
 * Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1920)
 * Ukrainian State (1918)
 * West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919)
 * Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991; sovereign until 1922)
 * Makhnovia (1918–1921)
 * Hutsul Republic (1919)
 * Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (1920)
 * Carpatho-Ukraine (1939)
 * Ukrainian national government (1941)

Crimea

 * Crimean Khanate (1449–1783)
 * Crimean People's Republic (1917–1918)
 * Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1941/1944–1945/1991–1992)
 * Republic of Crimea (2014)

Baltic countries and Belarus

 * Kingdom of Lithuania (1251-1263)
 * Grand Duchy of Lithuania (13th century–1795)
 * State of the Teutonic Order (1230–1525)
 * Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1561–1795)
 * Kingdom of Livonia (1570–1578)
 * Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)
 * Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
 * Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
 * Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
 * Republic of Perloja (1918–1923)
 * Soviet Republic of Naissaar on an Estonian Baltic Sea island (1917–1918)
 * United Baltic Duchy (1918)
 * Belarusian People's Republic (1918–1919)
 * Commune of the Working People of Estonia (1918–1919)
 * First Estonian Republic (1918 – 1940)
 * Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920)
 * First Latvian Republic (1918 – 1940)
 * Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919)
 * Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1922)

Romania and Moldova

 * Principality of Moldavia (1346–1859)
 * Principality of Wallachia (1330–1859)
 * United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1881)
 * Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)
 * Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918)
 * People's, then Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

Russia

 * Kievan Rus' (882–1240)
 * Novgorod Republic (1136–1478)
 * Pskov Republic (1348–1510)
 * Golden Horde (1320–1547)
 * Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556)
 * Khanate of Sibir (1468–1598)
 * Kalmyk Khanate (1630–1771)
 * Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283–1547)
 * Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721)
 * Russian Empire (1721–1917)
 * Kingdom of Poland (1815–1867)
 * Grand Duchy of Finland (1809–1917)
 * Caucasian Imamate (1828–1859)
 * Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (1917-1924)
 * Russian Republic (1917)
 * Russian Republic (1918)
 * Russian tate (1918–1920)
 * Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1922)
 * Supreme Administration of Northern Region (1918)
 * Provisional Government of the Northern Region (1918–1920)
 * Armed Forces of South Russia (1918–1919)
 * Kuban People's Republic (1918–1920)
 * Don Republic (1918–1920)
 * Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922)
 * Green Ukraine (1920-1922)
 * Tungus Republic (1924–1925)
 * State of Buryat-Mongolia (1917-1920)
 * Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
 * Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922-1991)
 * Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1922-1991)
 * Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922-1991)
 * Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-1991)
 * Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922-1991)
 * Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991)
 * Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991)
 * Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-1990)
 * Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-1990)
 * Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-1991)
 * Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1990-1991)
 * Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922-1991)
 * Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924)
 * Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1941)
 * Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)
 * Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1990)
 * Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
 * Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1924)
 * Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991)
 * Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1945)
 * Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
 * Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1990)
 * Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1940; 1956–1991)
 * Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1925–1936)
 * Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)
 * Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
 * Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
 * Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1935–1943; 1957–1991)
 * Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
 * Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
 * Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
 * Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
 * North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1992)
 * Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1956)
 * Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1957)
 * Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1961–1992)
 * Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991)
 * Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929-1991)
 * Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1924-1991)
 * Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922-1991)
 * Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924-1991)

Hungary

 * Principality of Hungary (895–1000)
 * Kingdom of Hungary (1000-1804)
 * Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526–1551, 1556–1570)
 * Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
 * Principality of Upper Hungary (1682-1685)
 * Principality of Transylvania (1711-1804)
 * Hungarian State (1849)
 * Hungarian People's Republic (November 1918 – March 1919, August 1919)
 * Hungarian Soviet Republic (March 1919 – August 1919)
 * Hungarian Republic (August 1919 – February 1920)
 * Kingdom of Hungary (February 1920 – February 1946)
 * Republic of Hungary (February 1946 – August 1949)
 * Hungarian People's Republic (August 1949 – October 1989)

Czech Republic and Slovakia

 * Duchy of Bohemia (c. 870–1198)
 * Kingdom of Bohemia (1198–1918)
 * Margraviate of Moravia (1182–1918)
 * Slovak Soviet Republic (1919)
 * Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
 * First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
 * Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
 * Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
 * Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1989; before 1960 as Czechoslovak Republic)
 * Czechoslovak Federative Republic (1990)
 * Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)

Balkans

 * Byzantine Empire (395–1453)
 * Ottoman Empire (c. 1299–1922/1923)
 * Principality of Zeta (1371–1514)
 * Serbian Despotate (1402–1459)
 * Austrian Empire (1804–1867)
 * Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918)
 * Kingdom of Bosnia (1377–1463)
 * Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995)
 * Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993-1995)
 * Croatian Kingdom (925–1102)
 * Kingdom of Croatia (1527–1804)
 * Kingdom of Slavonia (1699–1804)
 * Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808)
 * Revolutionary Serbia (1804–1813)
 * Principality of Serbia (1815–1882)
 * Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918)
 * Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1516–1852)
 * Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910)
 * Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)
 * Duchy of Carniola (1364–1804)
 * Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1804)
 * State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918)
 * Republic of Prekmurje (1919)
 * Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943)
 * Free State of Fiume (1920–1924)
 * Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)
 * Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954)
 * Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1943–1992)
 * Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
 * Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
 * First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018)
 * Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396)
 * Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1908)
 * Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)
 * People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)
 * Despotate of Epirus (1356–1479)
 * Septinsular Republic (1800–1815)
 * Principality of Samos (1815–1864)
 * Cretan State (1898–1913)
 * First Hellenic Republic (1828–1832)
 * Strandzha Commune (1903)
 * Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974)
 * Greek Military Junta (1967–1974)
 * Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)
 * Hellenic State (1941–1944)
 * Free State of Ikaria (1912)
 * Kingdom of Albania (1272–1368)
 * Principality of Albania (1358–1392)
 * Independent Albania (1912–1914)
 * Republic of Central Albania (1913–1914)
 * Principality of Albania (1914–1925)
 * Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914)
 * Republic of Mirdita (1921)
 * Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
 * Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
 * Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946)
 * People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1991)
 * Kruševo Republic (1903)
 * Independent State of Macedonia (1944)

Caucasus

 * Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–2000)
 * Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1466)
 * Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (February 1918 – May 1918)
 * North Caucasian Emirate (1919–1920)
 * Idel-Ural State (1 March 1918–28 March 1918)
 * Kars Republic (1918–1919)
 * Basmachi Republic (1916-1920)
 * Republic of Aras (1918–1919)
 * Military Dictatorship of Mughan (1918–1919)
 * Centrocaspian Dictatorship (1918–1918)
 * Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1917–1921)
 * Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)
 * First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
 * Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–1920)
 * Republic of Mountainous Armenia (April 1921 – July 1921)

Iberian Peninsula

 * Kingdom of Navarre (824–1620)
 * Kingdom of Galicia (410–1833)
 * Kingdom of León (910-1230)
 * Iberian Union (1580-1640)
 * Couto Misto (10th century-1868)
 * Kingdom of Castile (1065-1230)
 * Kingdom of Portugal (1139–1910)
 * Crown of Aragon (1162–1479)
 * Crown of Castile (1230–1479)
 * Emirate of Granada (1238–1492)
 * First Catalan Republic (1641-1652)
 * United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815-1825)
 * First Spanish Republic (1873-1874)
 * First Portuguese Republic (1910–1926)
 * Kingdom of Portugal (Monarchy of the North) (1919)
 * Ditadura Nacional (1926–1933)


 * Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939)


 * Asturian Socialist Republic (October 1934)
 * Regional Defence Council of Aragon (1936–1937)
 * Revolutionary Catalonia (1936–1939)


 * Republic of Galicia (1931)
 * Second Catalan Republic (1931)
 * Basque Republic (1941)
 * Second Portuguese Republic (1933–1974)
 * Spanish State (1936-1975)


 * Third Catalan Republic (2017)

North America
See also: Category:Former countries in North America

Anguilla

 * Republic of Anguilla (1967-1969)

Canada

 * Republic of Canada (1837–1838)
 * Republic of Lower Canada (1838)
 * Republic of Manitoba (1867-1870)

Costa Rica

 * Free State of Costa Rica (1838–1847)
 * First Costa Rican Republic (1848–1948)

Cuba

 * Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)

Dominican Republic

 * Republic of Spanish Haiti (1821-1822)
 * First Dominican Republic (1844–1861)
 * Second Dominican Republic (1865–1916)
 * Third Dominican Republic (1924–1965)

Grenada

 * People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada (1979–1983)

Guatemala

 * United Provinces of Central America
 * State of Los Altos (1838–1840), (1848–1849)

Haiti

 * First Empire of Haiti (1804-1806)
 * Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
 * State of Haiti (1806–1811)
 * Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)
 * Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)
 * Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)
 * Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)

Mexico

 * Northern America (1813)
 * First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
 * Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824)
 * First Mexican Republic (1824–1835)
 * Republic of the Rio Grande (1840)
 * Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835–1846)
 * Republic of Yucatán (1841–1848)
 * Second Federal Republic of Mexico (1846–1863)
 * Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)

Nicaragua

 * Somoza Regime (1936–1979)
 * Junta of National Reconstruction (18 July 1979 – 10 January 1985)

United States

 * Cherokee Nation (1794–1865)
 * Vermont Republic (1777–1791)
 * State of Franklin (1784-1789)
 * State of Muskogee (1799-1803)
 * Republic of West Florida (1810)
 * Republic of East Florida (1812)
 * Republic of the Floridas (1817)
 * Republic of Indian Stream (1832–1835)
 * Republic of Texas (1836–1846)
 * California Republic (June 14 – July 9, 1846)
 * The Great Republic of Rough and Ready (1850)
 * Republic of Sonora (1853-1854)

Oceania

 * Tuʻi Tonga Empire (c. 450–1865)
 * Kingdom of Bora Bora (till 1888 or 1895)
 * Kingdom of Raiatea (till 1888, French protectorate since 1880)
 * Kingdom of Huahine (till 1895, French protectorate since 1888)
 * Kingdom of Tahiti (1788/91–1880, French protectorate since 1842)
 * Kingdom of Rurutu (till 1900, French protectorate since 1888)
 * Kingdom of Rimatara (till 1901, French protectorate since 1888)
 * Kingdom of Tahuata (till 1880, French protectorate since 1842)
 * Kingdom of Rapa Iti (till 1881, kingship continued to 1887)
 * Kingdom of Mangareva (till 1881, French protectorate since 1844/1871)
 * Taiohae Kingdom of Nuku Hiva (till 1901, sovereignty ceded to France in 1842)
 * Kingdom of Fiji (1871–1874)
 * Dominion of Fiji (1970–1987)
 * Kingdom of Hawaii (1795–1893)
 * Provisional Government of Hawaii (1893–1894)
 * Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898)
 * Patu-iki or Kingdom of Niue (c. 1700–1900)
 * Kingdom of Rarotonga (1858–1893)
 * Saudeleur Dynasty (ca. 1100–ca. 1628)
 * Kingdom of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) (till 1888)
 * Kingdom of Nauru (till 1888)
 * People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977–1978)

Argentina

 * United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata (1810–1831)
 * Argentine Confederation (1831–1861)
 * State of Buenos Aires (1852–1861)

Brazil

 * Republic of Acre (1899-1900), (1903)
 * Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)
 * Riograndense Republic (1836–1845)
 * Juliana Republic (1839)
 * Republic of Counani (1886–1891)
 * First Brazilian Republic (1889–1930)
 * Vargas Era (1930–1945)
 * Fourth Brazilian Republic (1946–1964)
 * Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985)

Chile

 * Conservative Republic (1830–1861)
 * Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia (1862)
 * Liberal Republic (1861–1891)
 * Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)
 * Presidential Republic (1925–1973)
 * Socialist Republic of Chile (4 June 1932 – 2 October 1932)
 * Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)

Colombia

 * Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (1810–1815)
 * United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1816)
 * Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
 * Republic of New Granada (1831–1858)
 * Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
 * United States of Colombia (1863–1886)
 * Colombian Military Junta (1957–1958)
 * Marquetalia Republic (1948-1964)

Paraguay

 * El Stronato (1954–1989)

Peru

 * Protectorate of Peru (1821–1822)
 * Republic of South Peru (1836–1839)
 * Republic of North Peru (1836–1839)
 * Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)

Uruguay

 * Liga Federal (1815–1820)
 * Government of the Cerrito (1843-1851)
 * Government of the Defense (1843–1851)

Venezuela

 * Supreme Junta (1810)
 * First Republic of Venezuela (1811–1812)
 * Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814)
 * Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819)
 * State of Venezuela (1830–1864)
 * United States of Venezuela (1864–1953)
 * Republic of Venezuela (1953–1999)

Dismembered countries

 * Greater German Realm – Dissolved in 1945, its former territory now consists of the entirety of the countries of Austria and Germany and parts of what is now Belarus, the Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Poland, Russia, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Slovenia.
 * Korea – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by North Korea and South Korea and a portion of territory claimed by Japan.
 * Mali Federation – In 1959 formed by Senegal and French Sudan, both parts of French West Africa, as an independent nation. It fell apart in 1960 into Senegal and Mali.
 * Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves) created in 1815 when Brazil was upgraded to the rank of kingdom, once the Portuguese royal family was living in Rio de Janeiro since 1809. This country was dissolved in 1822 when Brazil became independent. Now the countries of Portugal, Brazil, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola, East Timor and Mozambique.
 * Serbia and Montenegro – Dissolved in 2006, now the countries of Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia.
 * Soviet Union – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
 * United Arab Republic – A union formed by Egypt and Syria in 1958. It was dissolved in 1961, though Egypt used the name until 1971. Other Pan-Arab unity agreements with Iraq and Jordan of the 1950s failed.
 * United Arab States – A confederation formed by the United Arab Republic and North Yemen in 1958; it was dissolved in 1961.
 * Yugoslavia – Dissolved in 1991 and 1992, now the countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia.
 * Czechoslovakia - Was in power from 1918–1992, the country wasn't active in World War 2, but the government was active, dissolved in 1992 and broke up into Czechia and Slovakia.
 * Central America - Was in power from 1821–1841, broke up into Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

Nominally-independent homelands of South Africa

 * Bophuthatswana – Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994.
 * Ciskei – Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994.
 * Transkei – Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994.
 * Venda – Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.

Secessionist states
These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country.


 * Carpatho-Ukraine – declared independence from Czechoslovakia in 1939, but was annexed by Hungary in one day.
 * Cartagena Canton – the haven city of Cartagena, Spain seceded from the First Spanish Republic in 1873.
 * Catalan Republic (April 14 – April 17, 1931).
 * Chechnya – Virtually independent from Russia from 1996 as Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, however the country was recognized only by Taliban. After terrorist attacks in 1999 the republic was returned to Russia's control in the Second Chechen War.
 * Confederate States – Occupied the southeastern United States, stretching from Texas to Virginia. Declared secession from the U.S. in 1861, reintegrated into the U.S. in 1865. Reconstruction ended in 1876 and U.S. troops withdrew as an occupation force in 1877. South Carolina was the first state to declare its secession from the United States, doing so on December 20, 1860. Political factions in the "border states" of Kentucky and Missouri declared themselves parts of the Confederacy and controlled small portions of those regions early in the war. The major Indian tribes in Oklahoma signed an alliance with the Confederacy, and participated in its military efforts against the U.S.
 * Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, declared independence from Ukraine in 1992 but soon settled for being an autonomous republic within Ukraine.
 * Cruzob, achieved independence from Mexico in 1856, but was reannexed in 1901.
 * Green Ukraine – Declared independence from Far Eastern Republic in 1920, dissolved in 1922.
 * Herzeg-Bosnia – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1994.
 * Italian Social Republic (1943–1945)
 * Katanga – Declared its independence of the newly formed Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960, was incorporated again into the country in 1963.
 * Kosova – Occupied Yugoslav territory from 1991 until 1999.
 * Manitoba – short-lived republic led by Thomas Spence, declared after the Hudson's Bay Company gave up Rupert's Land and before the government of Canada took control (1867).
 * Red River Rebellion – provisional government in Rupert's Land, led by Louis Riel in (1869–1870).
 * Serbian Krajina – declared independence from Croatia in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
 * South Kasai – declared independence from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in June 1960, reincorporated into the country in December 1961.
 * Supreme Administration of Northern Region – Proclaimed independent in 1918, later became the Provisional Government of the Northern Region.
 * Republika Srpska – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1995.
 * Principality of Trinidad – Declared independence in 1893, claimed by United Kingdom in 1895, but incorporated by Brazil.
 * Western Bosnia – Declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995.

Annexed countries

 * Regency of Carnaro in 1919 and  Free State of Fiume 1920–1924, two short-lived states in the port city of Fiume/Rijeka proclaimed by Gabriele D'Annunzio. Following World War I, the city was disputed between Italy and Yugoslavia, and eventually captured by Italy in 1921. The city passed to Yugoslavia after World War II and is now in Croatia.
 * Couto Misto – Tiny 10th century border territory that was split between Spain and Portugal in 1864–8.
 * Crete – Autonomous under Ottoman suzerainty in 1898, unilaterally declared union with Greece in 1908, which was recognized in 1913.
 * East Germany – Annexed by West Germany in 1990 and now part of Germany.
 * England – Annexed by Great Britain in the 1700s, now part of the United Kingdom.
 * Franceville (1889-1890) – Independent in 1889, later governed by France and Britain as part of the New Hebrides; now part of Vanuatu.
 * Hatay – Part of the Mandate of Syria that became part of Turkey; independent 1938–1939
 * Hawaii – Annexed by the U.S. in the late 19th century.
 * Kalat (1638,1666-1955) – 1666 to 1955, became part of Pakistan.
 * Free States of Menton and Roquebrune – Seceded from Monaco in 1848, under nominal protection of the Kingdom of Sardinia, then annexed by France in 1861.
 * Moresnet – 1816–1920, Tiny European territory that endured for a hundred years before definitively becoming part of Belgium.
 * Natalia Republic – 1839–1843, Was quickly made into a British colony
 * Islands of Refreshment – The islands of Tristan da Cunha were settled in 1810 and declared independence in 1811. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1815.
 * Scotland – Annexed by Great Britain in the 1700s, now part of the United Kingdom.
 * South Vietnam – Occupied by North Vietnam in 1975 and annexed into it in 1976.
 * Islamic Republic of Tatarstan – Existed from 1992 until annexed by Russia in 1994.
 * Transvaal – Now part of South Africa.
 * Texas – Annexed by the U.S. in 1845.
 * West Germany - Now part of Germany. Merged with East Germany in 1990.

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